You cannot bypass security and you must use the SP API to access files. You can download the file from the browser and edit it and resubmit the file assuming you have write permissions on the SP library.
Post in SP 2010 forum to get instructions on uploading file to SP via your browser.
If WebDAV is configured for SP then you can attach a library as a drive and edit the files. Again, post in SP 2010 forum for assistance.
\_(ツ)_/