$Path = 'C:\folder_A'
Get-ChildItem -Path $Path -Filter 'results*.xls' |
Group-Object {$_.Name.Substring(7,6)} | ForEach-Object {
$NewFolder = New-Item -Name $_.Name -Path $Path -ItemType Directory
$_.Group | Copy-Item -Destination $NewFolder
}
or
Get-ChildItem C:\folder_A -File | ForEach-Object {
$dest = '{0}\{1}\{2}' -f $_.Directory, $_.Name.Substring(7,6), $_.Name
New-Item -Path $(Split-Path $dest -Parent) -ItemType Directory -Force
Copy-Item -Path $_.FullName -Destination $dest
}