Try to remove third-party references (DevExpress) and try again.
I had the same problem for a project. When I build with Debug it worked fine but the release version always showing the same error as yours.
After spending hours and days I have figured out that I had a reference to (Syncfusion Controls for UWP XAML). By removing the reference the error gone.
If I remove the DevExpress reference, the app can be built into the store (release version). But i need DevExpress reference to read pdf reader. I also use Syncfusion Control for Universal XAML) and managed to build package to store.
The app can not be built because of DevExpress reference. How to handle it?