I think this fits perfectly into Sharepoints current design with XML/custom forms if you wanted.
I don't see why you couldn't easily Import the excel file into sharepoint as a new custom list and then use the default or custom form to fill it out. It would give you the ability to use both Excel, SharePoint (web list or datasheet view), access and
other XML products directly. If you did it correctly you could allow those who really want to use excel still to feel at home, while allowing others to use easier web forms.
The forms can be internal or external. You could use InfoPath to create or edit them however it's been retired so I would do everything you can to avoid. I've created amazingly complex InfoPath forms but it does take large amount of time and effect vs just
using SharePoint web forms.
I like Access in some cases for this, they wouldn't be web forms however, I have seen access recently added a feature for this but I haven't tried. Regardless sharepoint would be a great hosting of the data.
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